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What are the benefits of mixing in the studio as opposed to at the concert? First lets be clear that by studio we do not necessarily mean a full recording studio. Today's studios very from large expensive recording studios to a home PC software and some equipment. In my own studio I have a PC running Sonar (a software package), a pair of accurate speakers and accurate interface between computer and my equipment. In the studio we can try several possible mixes and choose the best one. In the concert we "mix as we go". We can modify the sound dynamically. For instance, we can make the sound "warm" or "airy". We can emphasize (or deemphasize) the frequencies where the consonants live. We can modify dynamics, making a soft passage softer (or louder). We can "compress" the dynamics which can make the sound "bigger". We can bring out the bass, or roll off low frequency noise. The options are truly endless. We can mix in reverberation (say on some of those close in microphones) to make them sound as if they were recorded with more of the ambience of the room mixed in. We can treat the audio like tape and splice sounds in and out. Say on a repeat of a musical passage there is a nasty cough. Solution, splice in the notes from the earlier passage. In the studio we have a lot of flexibility. However, it can eat up a LOT of time.
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